Air directing means for gun type oil burners



Feb. 14, 1950 w s 2,497,480

AIR DIRECTING MEANS FOR GUN TYPE OIL BURNERS 2 Sheets-s 1 Filed Jul 1' 7 INVENTOK %9 Wam ATTORN Feb. 14, 1950 wA s AIR DIRECTING MEANS FOR GUN TYPE OIL BURNERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 1, 1947 INVENIOIF. flurry Wills/11w ATTOR NE) l atenteci Feb. 14,

LUNITED S'I A'TES PATENT OFFICE Am DIRECTINGZMEANSFOR GUN 'rrrn OIL BURNERS- Murray Walshin, New York, N. Y., assignor to :Silenie-Flanie Manufacturing 00., Inc.,-

New

York; N. Y., a corporation of New York snpplicationJ-uly 1, 1947, Serial No. 758,353

' 3 Claims. 1

The present invention relates generally.- to oil .burners'ofthe type "utilized extensively-in the heating of homes, factories, etc., and more par- Iticularl to an. improvement adaptedforuse {with oilbur-ners. of the typedisclosed in my pendi. ing application ..Ser. .No'. .735,007,.-.fi1ed. in-the United States Patent .Oflice on March" 15, 1947.

'. Inthe operation of. an oil burner, finely di- 2. Fig. 3 is a view showing the interior of one form of air-guiding .means;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional'view illustrating another form of the present invention;

. Fig. 5 is a view showing the interior of a modified form of air-guiding means.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1 of the drawings, there is shown a'blower housing I adapted to contain the .usual blower or impeller --I.,vided. or{atomized" partic1es of fuel 1 oil are ..burned ina iurnacepot or chamber in the...presence of air... It is desirable that. the very .small .globules or.,.particles' ofloil be thoroughly :inter- ..wheel (not shown) which'may be driven by an electric motor; the blower or impeller draws air from the atmosphere" and discharges it intothe .-.drawings, forming apart ofthe. specification.

;.mixed with the air so that; a maximum amount .01. oxygen may combinewiththe oil to furnish v-..;as..complete combustion of the.;.oil. as .possible.

.,,jIn general,..the better the. intermixture of .oil andair, the higher... will be the. combustionv efli- ..ciency..-. Various expedients have; been adopted 1for.intermixingtheoil and air in ,endeavoring ..zto secure. asn high. a co'mbustioneefiiciency: as

possible.

. The present inventionaims to provide a new ..:and improved ,meansadapted to beqassociated with the air-conducting,.conduit.v or blast. .tube .(oi'. an oil burner. to bring .abouta more complete .:agitation or. intermixture of oil and air and to -:achieve..an increased Acombustion.efliciency,v as

evidenced by higher carbon dioxide content. in .:the products of combustion.

..An object" of. the. present invention. is. to .prowide a. newand improved .oilburner.

Another; object. of..the inventionis to provide a new and improved oil burnerwhich is adapted to. provide increasedcombustion effi i ncy.

-. Anothenobject of thesinvention is. to,..provide a. new and. improvedn means. for. increasing .the combustionefficiency of an -oil .bur-ner,. whi ch is adapted -to-. be incorporatedz-ewith .existing oil burners.

.7 ..Otherv and further objects of the invention will .-be obvious,- upon an understanding of. the.illustrative embodiment. about' to :be described,-, or

. will a be indicated in the appended. claims,.. and various advantages not referred to. herein will .occur to one skilled in the art upon employment of the invention in practice. Apreferred embodiment. of-.the.in,v ention has .been chosen for purposes of illustration. and ..de-

Scription=and is: shown. in.. the accompanying Fig. v1. is a. sectional view illustrating. one: form of. the. present invention;

Fig. ,la isa:viewalongline,umfila-of. Fig.: 1; .Fig. ;2. is a sectional view .taken along theline 3-2 of Fig. l;

entrance portion 2 of a'bl'ast tube or air-conducting conduit 'd'esignatedgenerall bythe reference numeral 4.

j The air-guiding conduit 4 preferablycomprises a cylindrical (portion 5; attached in any suitable manner adjacent one end thereof to a flange or extension! of the blower housing, and a longitudinally adjustable'portion 8 adapted to be suitably vpositioned to obtain a desiredv length of air-guiding conduit.

In use the. air-guiding conduit projects into the furnace so thatair' which passes through the conduit may combine with oil from aconduit "or pipe It] to create a heating flame withinthe furnace pot or chamber.

The outer end'of the blast tube extension 8 is 1 preferably provided'with a cone portion H having inwardly extending inclined guide vanes 13.

The purpose of the guide'vanes is to cause the air emerging from the blast tube to whirl about i with arotary motion to thereby create turbulence and" eiiect a high degreeoi intermixture of .air with .fuel ejected from the'nozzle I2 carried at the outer end'of the fuel conduit It.

The blast tube extension 8 is longitudinally adjustable with respect to the nozzle l2 so that an optimum condition of intermixture of fuel and air may be achieved and so'that a flame of desired shape and. proportions may be created within the furnace pot. A suitable adjusting lever 14. and locking screw or bolt it may be provided to facilitate making an adjustment of the blast tube extension 8 and to' retain a setting, once obtained.

Adjacent the, nozzle l2 and fuel conduit It are disposed a. pair. of spaced insulators through which project igniter leads. and. 'igniter points so that ignition of fuel ejected ,from the nozzle l2 may be obtained electrically, upon creation of a spark adjacent the end of the nozzle.

As pointedout hereinbefore, it ismost desir- .able for optimumcombustion eificiency' of .an

Oil burner that the oil be broken up into'very small globules and that this "atomized oil be thoroughl intermixed with air so that a maximum amount of oxygen may combine with the oil, thus resulting in a maximum percentage of carbon dioxide and a minimum amount of carbon monoxide in the flue gases.

In the present invention this desirable combustion may be achieved by the combination with the above described parts of means of the type shown generally at H! in Fig. 1 and more particularly in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings.

As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the means adapted to facilitate intermixture of air and oil comprises a pair of complementary members I91; and |9b which co-operate to form a relatively short tubular portion 28, a converging, flared, or funnel means or portion 22, and supporting or centering leg portions 23. The complementary parts |9a and |9b which comprise the air-guiding means i9 are each provided with recesses 25, 26, 21 adapted to receive and retain in centrally disposed position the oil conduit i and the adjacent insulators 9 through which extend the igniters. Constructing the air-guiding means IQ of separate complementary parts facilitates assembly thereat with the oil conduits and igniters. The complementary parts of the air-guiding means |9 may be retained together by suitable bolts or screws 29.

When the air-guiding means i9 is assembled with the oil-conducting conduit l0 and the igniter insulators 9, the outwardly extending supporting legs 23 are adapted to rest against the walls of the blast tube extension 8 to maintain the oil conduit in centrally disposed position with respect to the air-guiding conduit or blast tube. The outwardly extending legs 23 are preferably not fixedly secured to the blast tube extension 8 but rest against the inner walls thereof so that desired longitudinal adjustment of the tube extension 8 may be readily made without first necessitating release or detachment of the air-guiding means H3.

The interior of the substantially cylindrical portion 20 of the air-guiding means I9 is shown provided with inwardly extending vanes or ridges 3|. As shown in Fig. l, the vanes 3| are inclined in the same general direction as the vanes 53 of the end cone i but they need not necessarily be at the same angle of inclination as the angle of the end cone vanes l3.

The Fig. 1 showing of the relative spacing or positioning of the end cone I with respect to the air-guiding means i9 is merely illustrative. The air-guiding means I9 may be positioned within the blast tube 4 at such position as will contribute to maximum combustion efiiciency. The actual dimensions or spacing of the parts may be obtained by checking the operation of the burner in actual usage and making suitable positioning of parts.

When a burner of the type illustrated in Fig. 1 is in operation, air is forced by the blower through the air-guiding conduit 4. A portion of the air stream enters the funnel means or portion 22 of the air-guiding means l9 and proceeds through the cylindrical portion 2! thereof. Other portions of the air stream may pass through the tube 4 outwardly of the air-guiding means l9. That is, the latter air stream portions may pass through the substantially annular area intermediate the exterior of the funnel means or portion 22 and the interior of the blast tube.

Air which passes through the air-guiding portion |9 tends to increase its velocity in moving through the relatively short cylindrical portion 29 and, upon striking against the inwardly directed vanes or ridges 3|, the air stream is given a whirling or rotary motion. The rotary motion is enhanced clue to the fact that the air which passes through the cylindrical portion 20 tends to momentarily speed up while in that portion.

The outer end 2| of the cylindrical portion 20 may be disposed adjacent the end cone I so that air emerging from the end 2| of the air-guiding means l9 strikes the inclined vanes |3 of the endcone after passing only a short distance along the blast tube 4. The vanes l3 of the end cone subject the moving air to an additional whirling or rotary effect, which enhances the rotary movement effected by the vanes 3| of the airguiding member I9. As a result, air passing through the air-guiding conduit 4 is subjected to two separate and distinct rotation-effecting means and is caused to whirl rapidly.

It is believed that the combination of the relatively short cylindrical portion 2|] and the converging or funnel means or portion 22 of the air-guiding means I 9 provide a venturi eifect which speeds up that portion of air passing through the air-guiding means. Air which passes through the venturilike air-guiding means l9, and which is set into rotary movement thereby, tends to throw itself centrifugally outwardly on emerging from the Open end 2| of the air-guiding means. Outwardly thrown air emerging from the air-guiding means l9 mixes with what may be loosely referred to as a cylinder of air which passes over the exterior of the air-guiding means i9 intermediate this member and the interior of the blast tube 4. The hurling of the air outwardly from the open end 2| of the air-guiding means into the moving outer cylinder of air createsa high degree of turbulence adjacent the nozzle 2 and the very small globules of oil emerging from the nozzle l2 are picked up and thoroughly intermixed with air during movement thereof toward the outlet end |8 of the blast tube 4. As pointed out hereinabove, the agitated and intermixed air and oil are given a further whirling or rotary motion by the vanes |3 of the end cone As a result, oil globules are picked up and thrown-around in such manner as to be thoroughly intermixed.

The vanes 3| of the air-guiding means is and the vanes l3 of the end cone H are preferably at the same angle of inclination so as to impart the same general direction to the air, but they may be at slightly difierent angles of inclination.

In Fig. 4 there is illustrated a modified form of the present invention wherein the vanes 34 of an air-guiding means 35 and the vanes 36 of an end cone 31 are inclined in opposite direction to those illustrated in Fig. 1. That is, the vanes of the air-guiding member and the end cone may be inclined to the right or to the left so as to impart either a right-hand or left-hand rotation to the air which passes through the blast tube and emerges from the end thereof. Here again, the inclinations of the vanes 34 and 36 may be at the same or slightly difierent angles with respect to each other.

While the inclinations of the vanes of an airguiding member and the vanes of an end cone could be in opposite directions with respect toof an end cone. It is, therefore, generally preferred to have the vanes of both an air-guiding means and an end cone inclined in the same general direction so that air will be rapidly whirling upon emergence from the blast tube. Where inclined guiding vanes are utilized solely on an end cone air will also be given a rotary motion by the vanes alone.

In Fig. 5 there is illustrated a further modified form of the invention wherein an air-guiding means is provided with an enlarged or extended funnel means or conical air-concentrating portion 46. The enhanced funnel-effect provided by this form of the invention tends to direct a greater portion of air through the cylindrical throat portion 41 of the air-guiding means, and its use may be desired in some instances.

It will be seen that the present invention provides a new and improved oil burner and airguiding means adapted to create an enhanced turbulent effect. The increased turbulence effects more thorough intermixture of air with the small globules or atomized oil so that each globule of oil may be provided with a maximum quantity of oxygen.

The percentage of carbon dioxide present in flue gases is an indication of the combustion efficiency and it has been found in actual operation that the use of an air-guiding means such as described hereinabove effects a desirable increase in the carbon dioxide contained, and a consequent decrease in the carbon monoxide content.

While the air guiding means or device of the present application is shown and described particularly with reference to its incorporation in a complete oil burner, it is readily adapted for incorporation in and use with oil burners not presently provided with such means.

As various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without sacrificing any of its advantages, it is to be understood that all matter herein is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In an oil burner of the class described, the combination of an outer tube for guiding a stream of air forced therethrough, relatively short funnel means located within and spaced from interior walls of said outer tube having a substantially uninterrupted interior surface for receiving and converging a portion of said air stream without rotation thereof and discharging it, and a relatively short and straight substantially tubular conduit in said outer tube and concentric therewith connected with the discharge end of said funnel means for receiving said discharged air, said conduit having inwardly projecting substantially spiralled air-guiding vanes for imparting in said conduit whirling motion to the air stream passing therethrough.

2. In an oil burner of the class described, the combination of an outer cylindrical tube having an uninterrupted interior wall zone for guiding a stream of air forced therethrough, relatively short funnel means located Within and spaced from interior walls of said outer tube at said uninterrupted zone having a substantially uninterrupted exterior surface and a substantially uninterrupted interior surface for receiving and converging a portion of said air stream without rotation thereof and discharging it, and a relatively short and straight substantially tubular conduit in said outer tube at said uninterrupted zone and concentric therewith connected with the discharge end of said funnel means for receiving said discharged air, said conduit having an uninterrupted exterior surface and having interior inwardly projecting substantially spiralled air-guiding vanes for imparting in said conduit whirling motion to the air stream passing therethrough.

3. Means for positioning within a blast tube of an oil burner of the class described to act upon an air stream being forced through said blast tube from an inlet to an outlet thereof, comprising an inlet funnel means having a substantially unobstructed interior and uninterrupted interior surface for receiving and converging a portion of said air stream, and a tubular conduit connected with the outlet end of said funnel means having therein inwardly projecting substantially spiralled air guiding vanes for imparting in said tubular conduit whirling motion to an air stream passing therethrough, and laterally extending legs carried by said means for supporting it within said blast tube.

MURRAY WALSHIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,136,849 Tucker Apr. 20, 1915 1,640,728 Scott Aug. 30, 1927 1,656,711 Scott Jan. 17, 1928 1,685,108 Tufiley Sept. 25, 1928 1,735,463 Johnston Nov. 12, 1929 2,065,042 Berryman Dec. 22, 1936 2,066,806 Smith et a1 Jan. 5, 1937 2,191,272 Chadima et a1 Feb. 20, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 6,160 of 1927 Australia Mar. 23, 1928 178,351 Switzerland Sept. 16, 1935 

